Backups tested, utf8mb4 everywhere, InnoDB only, monitoring slow queries, least-privilege users, and migration discipline before launch.
Checklist
- InnoDB + utf8mb4 on all tables; SQL mode strict in staging/prod
- Indexes on hot WHERE/JOIN columns; slow query log reviewed
- Replication lag monitored; failover runbook documented
- mysqldump or managed backups with successful restore drill
- Separate DB users per env; no SUPER in app role
- Connection limits sized for FPM/workers × pool
Next steps
Compare PostgreSQL for greenfield choices. Revisit SQL fundamentals when mentoring. Deepen PHP PDO patterns.
Important interview questions and answers
- Q: Backup without restore test?
A: Unknown recovery—treat as incomplete. - Q: Shared hosting MySQL?
A: Limited SUPER—design within provider constraints.
Self-check
- List three pre-launch checks.
- Why restore drill?
Tip: Restore drill quarterly—backups without restore are hope.
Interview prep
- utf8mb4 prod?
Server, database, table, and connection must align.
- Untested backup?
Unknown recovery time—not real DR.