Multi-factor authentication (MFA) requires two+ factors—dramatically reduces account takeover from stolen passwords.
MFA types
TOTP apps (Google Authenticator), push approvals, WebAuthn/FIDO2 hardware keys—prefer phishing-resistant methods for admins.
SSO
Single Sign-On (SAML/OIDC) centralizes login—users authenticate once; apps trust identity provider. Simplifies MFA enforcement.
Break-glass
Document emergency admin access without bypassing all controls permanently.
Important interview questions and answers
- Q: Why MFA on root/admin?
A: Stolen password alone is insufficient for takeover. - Q: OIDC?
A: Modern SSO protocol often used with OAuth2 flows.
Self-check
- What does MFA add beyond password?
- What problem does SSO solve for enterprises?
Tip: Require phishing-resistant MFA for production admin and cloud root break-glass.
Interview prep
- MFA benefit?
Stolen password insufficient alone.